| Metric | Democratic Avg | Republican Avg | Edge |
|---|
* Trump II included with 2025 data only (weight: 1 year out of ~4). Pew data begins 2003; Uninsured Rate begins 1997.
Stock figures are price return only — dividends excluded. Pre-1957 S&P is back-tested data.
C-SPAN's Historians Survey of Presidential Leadership has been conducted four times: 2000, 2009, 2017, and 2021. Each survey asks a cross-section of 100+ presidential historians to rate each president on 10 leadership qualities. Rankings are out of all presidents evaluated (44 in 2021). Arrows show trajectory from first appearance to most recent.
Top 5 in 2021: #1 Lincoln · #2 Washington · #3 FDR · #4 Theodore Roosevelt · #5 Eisenhower
| President | 2000 | 2009 | 2017 | 2021 | Trend |
|---|
Next survey expected ~2025–2029. Biden and Trump II will become eligible.
Source: C-SPAN (c-span.org/presidentsurvey2021)
Verified economic and social outcome data for US presidents from FDR (1933) through Trump II, drawn directly from primary government sources. All metrics are sourced from the originating federal agency or independent research organization.
| Real GDP Growth | Bureau of Economic Analysis, NIPA Table 1.1.1 |
| Unemployment Rate | Bureau of Labor Statistics, UNRATE (monthly SA) |
| CPI Inflation | Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI-U annual |
| Stock Markets | DJIA, S&P 500, Nasdaq — inauguration to day before successor |
| Wage Growth | Bureau of Labor Statistics, AHETPI (from Jan 1964) |
| Federal Debt % GDP | OMB Table 7.1 — debt held by public only (not gross) |
| Net Jobs Added | Bureau of Labor Statistics, PAYEMS (Jan→Jan methodology) |
| Median Household Income | Census Bureau, CPS ASEC (2024 dollars; data from 1967) |
| Poverty Rate | Census Bureau, Official Poverty Measure (from 1959) |
| Federal Deficit % GDP | OMB Table 1.2, fiscal year (Oct–Sep) |
| Consumer Confidence | University of Michigan ICS (from Nov 1952) |
| Home Ownership Rate | Census Bureau HVS, FRED RHORUSQ156N (from Q1 1965) |
| Uninsured Rate | CDC/NCHS National Health Interview Survey (reliable from 1997) |
| Presidential Approval | Gallup Organization — closed series, ended Feb 2026 |
| International Favorability | Pew Research Center Global Attitudes Survey (from 2003) |
| Historians Survey | C-SPAN Presidential Historians Survey (2000, 2009, 2017, 2021) |
Context flags mark years or data points where extraordinary events substantially affected the metric — WWII mobilization, COVID-19, the Great Financial Crisis, major oil shocks, or post-war demobilization. These events largely transcend presidential policy choices and are labeled for transparency.
Gallup ended its presidential approval polling series in February 2026 after more than 80 years. Trump II's data is therefore incomplete. The series from Truman through Biden is now a closed historical record.
Term-length weighted averages: each president's contribution is proportional to years served. A president serving 8 years contributes twice the weight of one serving 4 years. Trump II excluded (ongoing).
Designed for annual updates via Claude Code, which fetches updated data from BLS, BEA, Census Bureau, OMB, University of Michigan, and other primary sources each year.